Last Updated on August 14, 2025

THE RECORD OF THE CHARLESTOWN RESIDENTS’ COUNCIL
(web version)

January 7, 2025
Residents’ Council Website: ccicharlestown.org

President Joe Carrick called the regular meeting of the Residents’ Council [the Council] to order at 3:00 pm on Tuesday January 7, 2025. 88 residents attended including Residents’ Council members minus five. Staff members included Leslie Johnson, Assistant Executive Director; Ken Zahn, Dining Services; and Karen Leighton, Resident Life Director.

Moment of Silence
The Council observed a moment of silence for those who have passed away.

Previously distributed minutes of the December 2024 meeting of the Residents’ Council meeting were approved as presented.

Mission Moment
Our nominees for January are two wonderful residents who came to the rescue when missing items left their owners panicked.
Pat Wozar celebrates resident Sue Morrison for locating Pat’s missing keys. After searching, prayers, and detective work were unsuccessful, Pat finally went to the Cross Creek Front Desk, hoping that the keys had been turned in. Still not finding the keys, Pat was anxiously calling Security when her friend Sue appeared. Despite her limited vision, Sue spotted the missing keys tucked in a far corner of the Front Desk. Pat concludes, “Accolades and deepest appreciation to her.”

Barbara Sachs celebrates David Smith for discovering and delivering her missing groceries. When one grocery order, and then a replacement order, failed to arrive, and the store’s customer service insisted that the groceries had been delivered, Barbara was frustrated and anxious. Answering a sudden knock at her door, she found David, from apartment HR-431, with her missing groceries. Surprised by an unexpected grocery order outside his front door and realizing that Barbara would be concerned, David found a grocery cart and delivered the groceries to their rightful owner; Barbara who lives in BR-431. Barbara exclaims, “Kudos to David! He certainly made my day!”

Executive Team Reports

Joe Carrick President
Reflecting on the past year, I am proud of all that we’ve accomplished together. In the January issue of the Sunburst, I tried to capture the many successes of the Council Committees. These committees are made up of residents who volunteer their time and talents for the betterment of the community. From the many residents run events that help to improve our health and social welfare, to volunteering time and energy for causes close to our heart such as the Treasurer Chest, our community has shown what it truly means to care for one another and the world around us. Whether it was collecting donations, planting flowers, or supporting local initiatives, every effort made a difference.

Your dedication to staying involved and engaged is a shining example of how much we can achieve as a group. Thank you for your contributions, big and small, which have made our community stronger and our bonds deeper.

As we step into this New Year, I encourage each of us to continue finding ways to make a positive impact. Let’s dream up new projects, lend a hand when needed, and ensure everyone feels included. Together, we can explore new opportunities, whether it’s organizing more group activities, creating mentorship programs, or simply taking time to listen and connect with one another.
This year let’s celebrate not just milestones but also the small, meaningful acts of kindness that make life brighter. Let’s celebrate each other. Let’s visit our neighbors across the hall or across the street. That walk across the street means a lot to the person you go to visit, and it will also give you a satisfying felling.

To each of you, thank you for being the heart of this community. May 2025 bring health, happiness, and new opportunities for connection and growth. Together, let’s make it a year to remember! That should be easy with all the exciting improvements being made to Charlestown, especially in the Historic area.

Connie Cooney, Treasurer
Balance – Nov 30, 2024 $ 4,522.39
Expenses $ 53.05

Balance – December 30, 2024 $ 4,469.34

December 2024 Expenses Details
Resident Life $53.05 Tapestry
Total $ 53.05

Committee Reports

Benevolent Care, Virginia Antevil, Chair
Benevolent Care Committee goals for 2025 include:
1. Educating residents on the importance of support for the Benevolent Care Fund to preserve its strength and vitality.
2. Encouraging “planned giving”, e.g., resident designation of a portion or all of the entrance deposit to go to the Benevolent Care Fund after death if those funds have not been needed to cover personal health care expenses, e.g., for continuing care.
3. Increased recognition of residents who have made substantial financial commitments to benevolent care.
4. Exploring and cultivating additional sources for Benevolent Care funding.

Next meeting: Wednesday, January 22, 2025 at 2:30 in Charlestown Square Room 116.

Communications, Larry Taylor, Chair
Electronics Recycling Day: Date to be announced in February. Also note there’s be a Winter Cleanout Dumpster on January 15. (Wednesday) from 9:30 am to 11:30 pm near the Garden plot by the Arborside Building.

First Quarter Technology Assistance Day (Residents Tech Bar): It is set for Wednesday, February 26, 2025, 10:00 AM – 12:00 PM Fireside Pub Area/Gallery.

Accomplishments in 2024: Both Accomplishments and What we are currently working on, do somewhat overlap.

• Communications Committee continues to provide assistance and training to Residents on new and updated application and media.

• Our Website Subcommittee, with its resident web team, continues to make the CCICharlestown.org website easier for residents to use. Keeping it up to date is a never-ending process. This subcommittee also asked for a MyErickson IT Roadmap for 2025. This Roadmap includes topics we would like to see improved in MyErickson.

• Also, our Evergreen topics continue to be sent out monthly and updated to ccicharlestown.org.

• We promote the use of CCI Communications Google-group, which is currently in place for our residents. It is now called Charlestown Resident Hub.

• Worked with Admin on the new My E-Preferred Project. This is the Email in place of cubby stuffing.

• Early in 2024 we completed new Council Communication Forms (Reporting Administration Issues, Council Issues, and a request for Council Reports) and posted them on both MyErickson and CCI-Charlestown.org. Completed the two Xfinity/Comcast Channel Lineups changes necessitated by the Comcast MASN change which was posted to MyErickson and CCICharlestown.org.

• In December, we requested 2 minor changes concerning the Resident Council meetings in MyErickson (What’s Happening & Council Meeting areas) along with a new Poster for the Bulletin Boards. Both included adding a line that reads,” All Residents Invited & Learn What’s Happening!” The new Poster to the Bulletin Boards includes the line stated above along with the Council meeting date, time, and place – which is the first Tuesday of Every Month, 3:00 PM in the Auditorium.

What we are currently working on: We continue to work with the Erickson IT local staff and Administration
 •To improve our WiFi Issues – connectivity, stability, outages along with Tablets issues in our restaurants.
 • Shuttle Tracker iPads for our Community are in this year’s early plan.
 • Resident Mobile Phone Access Project that will be worked on in Continuing Care Buildings in 2025. The committee is still looking for Independent Living to be upgraded as well.

The committee has requested that a photo of Staff who meet or contact Residents on a regular basis be included in the MyErickson contact information. Don Grove is working with Community Resources on this endeavor. We are still encouraging Residents to put their contact information into MyErickson Residents Directory. It should include – Photo, phone numbers and email addresses.

Next Communications Committee meeting: Monday, January 27, 2025 at 2:00, preceded by the Website Committee at 1:00 PM. Contact Larry Taylor for the Zoom link.

Conservation, Mark Buehlman and Charles Robinson, Co-Chairs
Our November meeting was an interesting and productive meeting. We had updates on several projects we have been following, including the Lake Charles dredging, Nature Trail improvements, the status of deer culling and various erosion control projects. The dredging and Nature Trail work will be postponed until later in 2025 due to permit delays.
Since alternatives for carryout paper bags are being evaluated by Dining, we decided further study was necessary before we make recommendations on central locations for bag collection.
Together with the Dining Committee we formed a Sub-Committee to try and implement some of the recommendations suggested by this year’s Sustainable Dining Working Team. Nine Residents will participate in this project, and they will begin meeting either later this month or early next year. If anyone is interested in working on this project, please see me at the end of today’s meeting.
Our committee did not meet in December.
Next meeting: Tuesday, January 21, 2025, at 2:00 pm in BR1. Everyone is invited and encouraged to attend.

Dining Services, Stephanie Leddy and Cathy Stevens, Co-Chairs
Since we did not have a meeting in December, I am going to give a quick overview of accomplishments in 2024.
• Our Nutrition subcommittee has given excellent oversight on the menus the restaurant chefs put in each week. Chefs have been doing a more complete job with the menus.
• Dietary Focus has worked on menu ideas for a variety of health issues. They completed a packet of healthy menu suggestions across the board from starters to desserts which Kate Hausner, the chair of the subcommittee, presented to the general managers and executive chefs of each of the restaurants in December.
• OR Codes – with the addition of incentives, the responses by the residents have grown over the course of the year. What has also grown in the overall rating of 85.5% in the 5 range.
• Sunday Buffets: the introduction of Sunday Buffets has generally been well received by the residents.
https://ccicharlestown.org/wp-admin/admin.php?page=codepeople_search_in_place_advanced.phpWeekly Fruit: Another plus is the re-introduction of a weekly fruit item instead of a side or dessert.
• Winter Fruit Cups- also drew applause from the residents who were very happy to see hard honeydew being replaced by kiwi or mango.
• Crab Feasts – the addition of a second crab feast was greeted with a sell-out audience. Everyone who attended either said they were terrific.
• Dining is currently working with two other committees on items of interest to both.
• Dining Ambassadors is a co-committee with Resident Life
• Dining Sustainability will be getting underway in January as a co-committee with Conservation

Next meeting: Monday, January 20 at 1:30 at CS116.

Finance, Art Johnson, Chair
Details of CapEx26 process are posted on MyErickson (under forms) and ccicharlestown.
Committee chair met with new Finance Director, David Schneyer.
Unaudited November financial results distributed to Committee.

Next Meeting: Tuesday, January 28, 2025 at 9:00 in Brookside 1

Grounds, Dick Voelkel Chair
The garden plot water lines that were frozen and broken by the cold weather will need to be replaced in Spring. It’s a big job.

Deer herd culling ends the end of January for this season.

The sidewalk lights between Arborside and Edgewood are not working and need to be repaired.

Next meeting: Tuesday January 28, 2025 at 11am in BR-1.

Health Services, Marty White and Lois Eldred, Co-Chairs
• Mac Kay presented the Sunflower Lanyard project in which Charlestown residents with hidden disabilities could voluntarily wear a specific-colored lanyard to alert others that they might need special assistance. This program is currently being used in many airports. The group unanimously supported of the program.
• Pat Kasuda reported that the December open houses and frequent entertainment programs in continuing care were huge successes. The rehab department is working with memory care residents to help them preserve their walking and transferring skills. There is currently a COVID outbreak on the 4th floor.
• The Falls Prevention group has been sponsoring Preserving Independence Programs, with Steve Schimpf presenting the importance of muscle mass and balance for fall prevention, and a presentation by Kristen Aybar on home safety planned in January or February. Merci Izquierdo-Whitaker noted that a home safety evaluation is covered by Medicare only if one has a physician referral. This led to a discussion about the feasibility of referring new incoming residents with physical disabilities for home evaluations so that they can work with Custom Interiors on installation of appropriate safety accommodations during their buildout.
• The Parkinsons group reported that Bonnie Kaas, the Neurologist caring for most of the Parkinsons and Alzheimer’s patients at Charlestown has left St Agnes for a position at a Johns Hopkins Movement Disorder practice. Her new practice does not accept Erickson Advantage, but the administration is working on a solution. Dr Kaas spoke to the Parkinsons group in December about 2 new medications soon to be available to treat Parkinsons Disease. She noted that swallowing impairment can be a symptom of Parkinson’s and that swallowing studies and speech therapy, if indicated, may be helpful. The Parkinsons Foundation is offering free genetic testing for Parkinsons – interested persons can enroll online.
The low vision group reports that the pavement painting project is complete, and we now have magnifiers at take-out menu stations and large print menus. There will be a joint presentation on January 23, 2025 by the Maryland State Library for the Blind, local libraries and the Charlestown library to discuss low vision resources.
As a matter of safety, the committee continues to advocate for grab bars in all stalls of the public restrooms. We’re told that Cedar Crest, another Erickson community, has already installed grab bars in all their public stalls.
• The health Services Committee will co-sponsor an ELLIC class on May 19, given by Charlestown occupational therapists, on assistive devices available for residents with disabilities.

Next meeting: Tuesday, January 14 at 11:00 in Brookside Classroom 1.

Housekeeping, Jean Williamson, Chair
As we begin another year, on behalf of the housekeeping department, I would like to encourage all residents of Charlestown to help keep our halls, floors, elevators and lobbies clean and staying free. We all know that accidents happen. However, I would like to ask all residents when you see something to say something This allows the housekeeping department to quickly remove the stains, keeping our home at Charlestown clean and attractive for all. When one moves into Charlestown there’s so much information to absorb. However, as I walk around Charlestown on trash days, there are whole halls where plastic trash bags are being placed on the rug, rather than in a trash can. As a reminder the resident handbook on page 51 it clearly states that trash should be placed outside the door no earlier than 8pm the night before, and no or no later than 7am on the day of pickup. However, importantly, trash should be placed in beige trash containers provided by housekeeping and plastic bags are required. Placing plastic bags on the floor increases the risk of the mice infestation, as well as possibility of stains on the carpet, which none of us want. Also, trash should never be placed in the exterior trash cans, stairways, laundry rooms, storage rooms and common areas, but it takes all of us working together. Finally, there are often water stains in the bridges, and you all see that where water overflows when people water plants causing huge stains on the carpet, as well as spills in the hallways as residents perhaps return to their apartment carrying trays or cartons of food. However, accidents happen, everyone knows that however, calling housekeeping allows staff to address the issues quickly and remove the stains before they become permanent. Finally, if you need a trash can, all you need to do is call the housekeeping department. A can will be delivered to your door again, together, we can all make a difference.

Next meeting: Monday, January 20 at 10:00 in BR 1.

Legislative/Political, Paulette Hammond and Richard Lee, Co-Chairs
1. The Meet and Greet was held on December 10 and even though there were competing events scheduled that same night, there was a respectable turnout.
2. Some of the issues raised by residents which they hope the 2025 legislative session will consider include: gun safety, end of life legislation and regulatory changes to make smaller nursing homes and care facilities safer for vulnerable individuals.
3. An invitation will be extended to legislators to return to Charlestown for a review of the legislative session after it wraps up on April 7.
4. Wednesday, February 25 is MaCCRA day in Annapolis. There will be a luncheon during which legislators will receive a briefing on MaCCRA’s legislative priorities. Residents from CCRC’s are encouraged to visit their legislative delegations for face-to-face meetings to discuss their priorities.

Next meeting: Wednesday, January 8 at 10:00 in BR1.

Maintenance and Engineering, Rob Vickerman, Chair
Water Flooding: Work has begun on a proposal to General Services addressing the water sink overflow caused by residents. Data is being collected to write the proposal.

Next meeting of the M & E committee: Tuesday, January 28, at 2:00 PM in the General Services conference room.

Resident Life, Bill Jones and Fred Sadler, Co-Chairs
The second fall Tapestry discussion group met in December with 72 residents participating. The two fall sessions are seen as very productive. The Tapestry Leadership team has scheduled their spring sessions for March 25 and April 1. Topics for the sessions are being developed and more information will follow.
The Chatty Bench program continued in December with several sites being staffed so residents could stop and talk. These will continue into 2025 so keep an eye out for the signs.
The Ageism and Ableism Subcommittee continues to discuss accessibility at Charlestown. The chair met with the Resident Life and Health Committee to discuss the Sunflower lanyard proposal that allows those with hidden disabilities to access support. Both committees support the proposal, and implementation is being discussed with Administration. Meetings with the dementia caregivers and Parkinson’s support groups are scheduled in January.

A Low Vision Program is scheduled for January 23, 2025 titled “Library Services for Low Vision Residents.” Low Vision is planning for another three programs later in the year.
Dining Together will meet on the first Monday of each month through 2025. Several people have volunteered to assist by hosting. There were 24 participants in December and 21 in January. Residents continue to request that we hold the event more frequently and potentially at other sites on campus.
Dining Ambassadors are looking forward to connecting with new residents in the new year. Anyone interested in inviting new residents to dine with them should email Stephanie Leddy.

The Newcomers Weekly Newsletter remains very popular and has shown itself to be a benefit in providing recent occupants with worthwhile, important information. Very soon the editor, Margaret Vincent, will be promoting groups or clubs that wish to grow their membership. Groups may contact her directly to provide invitations.

Next meeting: on Wednesday, January 15, 2025 at 2:00 in Brookside Classroom 2.

Safety and Security, Ed Appel, Chair
I’m still working to print and deliver thank-you cards for the BCFD, PD, and Arbutus Volunteer FD. The Resident Council and committee will determine how best to deliver them. Any volunteers?

Year-end reporting shows a regional reduction in crime, particularly here in Baltimore County zip code 21228.

Security officers continue to enforce speeding, passing stop signs without stopping and EV violations by ticketing and other penalties. Reminder: be careful driving, walking and crossing, particularly in icy or snowy conditions.

I will make an ELLIC presentation on Scams this Thursday, January 9 in the Auditorium at 7 pm.

Some Charlestown residents have voiced a concern about how safe it is to live here. I encourage you to come to our meetings – all are welcome. Also, I’d be glad to provide you with my private assessment of Charlestown’s security based on a career in the business.

Next meeting: Thursday, January 9, at 1:00 in Charlestown Square Classroom 116.

Update from Don Grove, Executive Director
Good to be here with you all. I thank the Residents’ Council. Just so neat to hear some of you sharing your experiences in your careers and lending it here to us in the community. It’s a beautiful thing. I will say I was rushing to this meeting, and I was hungry. So, I thought, wait a minute, grab a protein bar, because otherwise, you’ll eat the cookies. I sat down and I started to eat my protein bar. I’m like, wait a minute; there’s no cookies. So, we apologize about the cookies, and the interpreters did not carry over into the new year, but we will get them back on course. Karen Leighton is sort of a half of an interpreter here assisting us, so it’s okay.

So, a few updates to share with you. First, I’ll talk to the weather event this week. As an executive director, I would say this is my first time having to deal with any sort of significant snow. And we know that the politicians they would their careers make or break with how they handle the snow situations. I want to share that I’m very proud of my team for what they’ve been doing over the past couple days: General Services, dining, and continuing care, that was running smoothly I mean. And of course, that’s our primary area, where we have to have folks caring for the residents over there. And we must have our ratios as far as staffing, where they need to be. I’ve gotten numerous notes from residents, and I love to be able to take those notes and share them and celebrate. So, thank you. Numerous notes about dining experience at the Atrium. Dining staff and General Services made a little extra effort. Several people who are watching from the cheap seats upstairs at snow being cleared in the parking lot and speaking how well the team was doing. Thanks to my team and thank you all for your patience. We learn from each situation. And I’m just very appreciative of the team I have. And I was one of the folks who came in yesterday morning. I don’t mind driving in most things, but that was a little bit rough. So, I’m very thankful to my team members who were able to find their way here in yesterday morning. I thank everybody for the nice notes on that situation. And the expectation is that it’s staying cold and staying windy. The thaw will only do so much when temperatures are consistently this cold. There’s a potential for some weather, perhaps precipitation over the weekend. So, know that we’re going to stay on it, that we ask everybody’s patience as we get through it. What’s wonderful is to walk around this campus and see CVS was open and see card games and book discussions were going on.

So, some updates to share with you on other events going on around campus. One that I shared on television yesterday but want to make sure everyone’s aware. In philanthropy, our Director of Philanthropy, Patty Santoni, has left us. She’s choosing to go another step in her career, and so Patty no longer is with us. We wish her the best. If you think back over the last 10 years, under Patty’s leadership, we’ve raised quite a bit of money for Benevolent Care. That’s the efforts of all of you, her team and Patty so we’re very grateful for her service to the community for over 10 years, and we are now in the process of looking for a new lead for our Philanthropy Department. Our recruiting team will be working on that. In the meantime, Philanthropy will report directly to Leslie Johnson as our Associate Executive Director. We’re working closely with Leslie on that. We’ve had some renewed effort working with Patty and some new programs to help to make sure we continue to grow that the benevolent care program. So, we want to keep a close focus on to working with administration and the new lead. We bring in Betty Hola, then Casey Bassler, if you’re not familiar, the two team members within Philanthropy office, they’re keeping things going, and we obviously have some great resources around this campus who work in philanthropy. Emily in our office is an example, and Brittany and the Resident lLfe team, of course, embraces that team, since they share a suite and to help us make sure we stay on top of all the efforts going on. We are looking forward to Treasure Sale next month. Virginia Antevil shared the updates from her committee, and we look forward to supporting those efforts going forward this year.

I just want to make sure that the information is coming out and accurate to folks regarding channel 972 showing movies on television. We’re not allowed to do that, and we’ve never been allowed to do that due to the copyright. We’ve all heard the warnings when you watch a movie, and you can’t display in public and so forth. We did that during COVID. We did it when this screen went down. We sort of looked the other way. But we have to stop that. And we’ve also had recent instances where we go to download the movie from the media, TVD, and there’s some protection there that keeps us from showing the movie we said we’d show so we don’t want to disappoint residents in that sense. We’re excited that there’s a streaming capability that’s coming to common areas around campus. The streaming services will be available in, for example, the auditorium, Brookside classrooms, one and two, Charlestown square classrooms and the Gallery. Those are the locations we’re targeting initially, that service will get more announcements on that coming in, hopefully coming weeks, resident life is working on that. That’s Tom Moore from the television station, Karen Leighton, the director of Resident Life, and Mary Evans from Community Resources, working together to get a good program there. We know already that we will have the Disney plus network that just showed using common areas, which includes Disney, Hulu, ESPN, which has Pixar and Marvel and Star Wars movies. Prime video will also be included in that common area, space option, which has Amazon stars, Paramount, MVM and Showtime and sports. So, lots of options that we can do in common areas in Independent Living and in Continuing Care. Obviously you can get your own streaming services in your apartment as you choose. But I know having the common area that the community come together and watch events, we want to have that in place.

A couple other updates, the ups and downs of elevators. Charlestown square, as you know that elevator is complete and open. My understanding is that the final piece of the Herberts Run elevator was completed today, so the inspection can happen. Inspection should be within the week, so that would open. For some reason, the carpet is not included. We still have to replace the carpet, but we can do that on our own afterwards. That is good news. I also have to remind everybody; we are in the in the middle of a third of the way through a process of nine elevators across campus that were to be refurbished over a two-to-three-year period. We have additional elevators to do, and we want to keep that moving as much as we can to get that refurbishing done and get updated the elevators that are next for Herbert’s run. Unfortunately, as you finish one elevator, we are going to have to go do the other ones to get those done. We will soon be launching into that before the month is out. But again, once we’re done, we’re done with Herbert’s run. The next elevator that will be starting is in Parkview, which I call the corner elevator. That Parkview elevator will go out starting Monday. As I said, we have about nine elevators to get done over a two-to-three-year period. We’re trying to keep them moving. You all obviously have frustrations when the elevators aren’t working. I can tell you, behind the scenes, we have been extremely frustrated with the timelines and asking and trying to hold accountable. The company will tell you a timeline, and then we obviously learn things. Then we have to inspect it. What does the word done mean to this person versus the whole process. So, we are trying to really hold them accountable, talking through where the mistakes were, or where were the delays through the first couple elevators, so we can define and avoid them. We’re kind of repeating the same project. All the elevators might not be the exact same models completing the same project. You would hope there would be efficiency in this process, and we are pushing for it. There’s some they have been a couple misses regarding buttons in the elevators, where, just for the visually impaired, they should be a high contrast so that you can see the numbers. I think that has been fixed in Chapel Court elevator as well as Charlestown Square. And going forward, you see, should see the right contrast, so that the numbers are very readable on the elevators.

Another update I want to share is a new program the General Services is piloting. And when I say piloting, we’re trying this out for the whole enterprise across our 22 Erickson communities, which is an uncommon card set up, seems like a simple thing. Our team took the initiative last year, seeing that regarding dining, we really made progress with our dining effort through our QR codes and the dining rooms, being able to get daily feedback, immediate feedback, on how things are going. Jason Spivey, Jason Dennis and their team put this together. How can we do this for general services? So, you’ll see these new cards. Now, when you have someone from maintenance or the team in General Services come to your apartment, they’re going to leave the card. It’ll have their name and the date, and it’ll have the QR code there, so that you can directly link to MyErickson, where you can fill out some notes regarding the service. You know, tell us what went well, what was a concern. We want to get that feedback. We will get that feedback immediately when you fill that out, and we can follow up and continue to be to be better. We always will take an email or a note from you in any way, shape or form, whatever works for you, as folks often do, but we’re hoping that this makes it simpler and actually kind of proud of the GS team for being the one GS team across all our Ericsson communities that took the initiative to put this in place, so we will be testing it this year, and hopefully that will serve you all well as we try to stay on top of things.

Last is just to let you know our financial results will be coming out for the community, but we think we’ve finished well. We were seven settlements ahead our goal for the year, so we feel great about that. In addition, our occupancy continues to grow, and for our financial numbers, we had a high budget goal for our end of year. We didn’t quite meet our target, but we’re well above budget and good shape there. So, lots of good stuff ahead.

Respectively submitted,
Nancy Meier, Residents’ Council Secretary